Hydrostatic pressureis defined as pressure that a contained fluid exerts on what is confining it. For example, patients with decreased protein levels (i.e., low serum albumin) experience edema due to the leakage of intravascular fluid into interstitial areas because of decreased oncotic pressure. Protein content of the blood (in the form of albumin) causes oncotic pressure that holds water inside the vascular compartment. Intact vascular tissue lining prevents fluid from leaking out of the blood vessels. Proper fluid movement depends on intact and properly functioning vascular tissue lining, normal levels of protein content within the blood, and adequate hydrostatic pressures inside the blood vessels. įluid movement occurs inside the body due to osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and osmosis. The remaining extracellular fluid, also called transcellular fluid, refers to fluid in areas such as cerebrospinal, synovial, intrapleural, and gastrointestinal system. For example, if you have ever cared for a patient with heart failure and noticed increased swelling in the feet and ankles, you have seen an example of excess interstitial fluid referred to as edema. This can result in hypovolemic shock and cellular death when critical organs do not receive an oxygen-rich blood supply needed to perform cellular function.Ī second type of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluidthat refers to fluid outside of blood vessels and between the cells. If intravascular fluid loss is severe, the body cannot maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion of vital organs. Intravascular fluidloss can be caused by several factors, such as excessive diuretic use, severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, and inadequate oral fluid intake. Loss of intravascular fluids causes the nursing diagnosis Deficient Fluid Volume, also referred to as hypovolemia. Intravascular fluid is the most important component of the body’s overall fluid balance. Intravascular fluid is whole blood volume and also includes red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. The first type is known as intravascular fluid that is found in the vascular system that consists of arteries, veins, and capillary networks. The body regulates sodium levels to control the movement of water into and out of the extracellular space due to osmosis.Įxtracellular fluids can be further broken down into various types. The most abundant electrolyte in extracellular fluid is sodium. In fact, intracellular fluid accounts for 60% of the volume of body fluids and 40% of a person’s total body weight! Įxtracellular fluids (ECF) are fluids found outside of cells. Intracellular fluids are crucial to the body’s functioning. The most abundant electrolyte in intracellular fluid is potassium. ![]() Intracellular fluids (ICF) are found inside cells and are made up of protein, water, electrolytes, and solutes. Figure 15.1 Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments See Figure 15.1 for an illustration of intracellular and extracellular compartments. Body fluids are found in two main areas of the body called intracellular and extracellular compartments. ![]() ![]() Get the lowdown on fluids and electrolytes, with.\)īody fluids consist of water, electrolytes, blood plasma and component cells, proteins, and other soluble particles called solutes. Gain the fluids and electrolytes knowledge and skills you need-in an incredibly easy way! Humor, illustrations, and a fun and easygoing style make it the most enjoyable way to absorb the science, concepts and real-world patient care skills. Get all the basics on fluids and electrolytes, with the newest edition of the one-and-only Fluids and Electrolytes Made Incredibly Easy!īacked by plenty of real-world examples, this popular guide is full of clear definitions, practical patient care info, and on-the-job how-to.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |